Openstack api 学习文档 & restclient使用文档
转载请注明
这篇文档总结一下我初步学习Openstack的api，并且趁这个机会学习一下Firefox的restclient客户端。
一、使用curl命名来使用openstack的api
当然，首先你得有个openstack的环境，我是自己搭建的kilo，我们先用curl来使用api，注意自己改一下ip还有用户名和密码，下面这个命令就会得到一个令牌(token)来使用，以后调用api就需要使用这个令牌。
curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "ADMIN", "password":"MY_PASSWORD"}}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool 这样后会得到如下的json数据
{ "access": { "metadata": { "is_admin": 0, "roles": [] }, "serviceCatalog": [], "token": { "audit_ids": [ "WPon6i60TamUfqcsPV2oVg" ], "expires": "2015-11-06T11:19:19Z", "id": "bc422dc370324535a64699640f50a3ab",//这个id就是令牌(token) "issued_at": "2015-11-06T10:19:19.559266" }, "user": { "id": "9c20d9fe21a14741ac1486b2db058bd5", "name": "admin", "roles": [], "roles_links": [], "username": "admin" } }}
下面得到这个用户的所有项目(tenant)，注意下面的token就是刚刚得到的那个令牌
curl -X 'GET' -H "X-Auth-Token:bc422dc370324535a64699640f50a3ab" -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tenants | python -mjson.tool
这里面得到这个用户的项目(tenant)
{ "tenants": [ { "description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "92afd13a680645c191a2aab7422a7a3b", "name": "AIM" }, { "description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "b3457999de4d4add99e89f4f299f5857", "name": "ECM" }, { "description": "Admin Project", "enabled": true, "id": "de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60", "name": "admin" }, { "description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "f3c1015ff67e4cd18b022b9b51eb1123", "name": "IM" }, { "description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "fae79b8f91b944b985d2b35373cf9bb2", "name": "Commerce" } ], "tenants_links": []} 可以看到我这里ADMIN用户总共有5个tenant，我们选取一个即可，就选取名为admin的项目，id看到为de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60
接下来我们去一个项目(tenant)看看它的虚拟机、等信息。
首先需要得到这个tenant的令牌信息，注意这个token和上面的那个不一样
curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "ADMIN", "password":"MY_PASSWORD"},"tenantId":"de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60"}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool 注意这里看到用户名和密码还是和之前一样，但是多了一个tenantId的字段，这里说明了我们需要的是ADMIN用户下的这个项目的令牌，得到如下信息：
{ "access": { "metadata": { "is_admin": 0, "roles": [ "cf87d1b66b044cdd94972d72d6e4d474" ] }, "serviceCatalog": [ { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://controller:9292", "id": "5f892fde3a2241c989355cdd6beea4b5", "internalURL": "http://controller:9292", "publicURL": "http://controller:9292", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "glance", "type": "image" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://controller:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60", "id": "0c52d8a741f740a6b83be51ae7082b62", "internalURL": "http://controller:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60", "publicURL": "http://controller:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "nova", "type": "compute" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://controller:9696", "id": "3d70017df8ee40d698988ad52b25cc8e", "internalURL": "http://controller:9696", "publicURL": "http://controller:9696", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "neutron", "type": "network" }, { "endpoints": [ { "adminURL": "http://controller:35357/v2.0", "id": "23bb295b14554d2b89535d67632e7c60", "internalURL": "http://controller:5000/v2.0", "publicURL": "http://controller:5000/v2.0", "region": "RegionOne" } ], "endpoints_links": [], "name": "keystone", "type": "identity" } ], "token": { "audit_ids": [ "XNBLV1ohSXensbuHqwTo3Q" ], "expires": "2015-11-06T11:29:22Z", "id": "b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5", "issued_at": "2015-11-06T10:29:22.423828", "tenant": { "description": "Admin Project", "enabled": true, "id": "de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60", "name": "admin" } }, "user": { "id": "9c20d9fe21a14741ac1486b2db058bd5", "name": "admin", "roles": [ { "name": "admin" } ], "roles_links": [], "username": "admin" } }} 这里面有很多关于这个tenant的信息，其中最重要的是token的id，为b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5，这是我们后面调取api需要的，还有注意de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60是tenant_id。
接下来我们开始看看这个项目里面的虚拟机
curl -v -H "X-Auth-Token:b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5" http://controller_ip:8774/v2/tenant_id/servers
把得到的令牌写好，执行后得到如下信息：
{ "servers": [ { "id": "098982e0-251d-4306-9171-f4d52674fde3", "links": [ { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/098982e0-251d-4306-9171-f4d52674fde3", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/098982e0-251d-4306-9171-f4d52674fde3", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "vm2" }, { "id": "86baaddc-3c3e-4687-87bc-2e22f53eb7ba", "links": [ { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/86baaddc-3c3e-4687-87bc-2e22f53eb7ba", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/86baaddc-3c3e-4687-87bc-2e22f53eb7ba", "rel": "bookmark" } ], "name": "vm1" } ]} 这里可以明显看到有两个虚拟机，分别为vm1和vm2，这都是我之前创建的。
再看看我的image有哪些
curl -v -H "X-Auth-Token:b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5" http://controller_ip:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images | python -mjson.tool
执行后得到以下信息
{ "images": [ { "id": "cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062", "links": [ { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://controller:9292/images/cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062", "rel": "alternate", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image" } ], "name": "windows7-x86_64-bpm20150724" }, { "id": "5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418", "links": [ { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://controller:9292/images/5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418", "rel": "alternate", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image" } ], "name": "rhel7.1" }, { "id": "e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b", "links": [ { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b", "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b", "rel": "bookmark" }, { "href": "http://controller:9292/images/e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b", "rel": "alternate", "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image" } ], "name": "cirros-0.3.4-x86_64" } ]} 可以看到我一共有3个镜像
至此，其他api查看文档进行查看即可，都是相似的方法，这里仅作一个简单介绍。
二、使用火狐firefox 的 restclient 工具来 使用 openstack的api
下面我还尝试了一些Firefox的restclient，来调取api
当然需要打开火狐浏览器安装restclient的插件，当然使用java的客户端也可以
这里演示两个rest的方法来使用，get和post
先看看post：
我们来取一个ADMIN用户的admin的tenant的令牌。
对比下curl的命令
curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "ADMIN", "password":"MY_PASSWORD"},"tenantId":"de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60"}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool 先设置http的header ，name为 Content-Type ，value为 application/json
设置好后输入网址http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens，并且把要post的json的数据写入到body里面，最后点击按钮SEND即可，可以得到和curl一样的json数据
接下来试试使用get的方法
我们得到了tenant的token，就可以使用get方法获取其虚拟机的信息
注意要先设置token在header中，name为X-Auth-Token，value为token,然后输入网址，选择为get方法，点击SEND即可得到：
其他的api几乎都是get和post的方法，这里简单演示了firefox的restclient的用法，希望大家多多指教
参考资料：
openstack quick start api:
openstack api document: